\ud83c\udfaf \u201cBebe\u011fimde i\u015ftahs\u0131zl\u0131k, solukluk, halsizlik var\u2026 Kans\u0131zl\u0131k olabilir mi?\u201d<\/p>
Anemi (kans\u0131zl\u0131k), \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda en s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sa\u011fl\u0131k problemlerinden biridir. En yayg\u0131n nedeni demir eksikli\u011fidir.<\/p>
\u00d6zellikle premat\u00fcre bebekler, ilk 6 ayda h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bebekler ve ek g\u0131daya ge\u00e7i\u015fte beslenmesi yetersiz kalan \u00e7ocuklar risk alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>
Bu yaz\u0131da, anemi nedir, neden olur, hangi ya\u015fta neye dikkat edilmeli, hangi belirtiler \u00f6nemlidir ve ne zaman tedavi gerekir? gibi sorulara \u00e7ocuk doktoru perspektifiyle yan\u0131t bulacaks\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>
Anemi, kandaki hemoglobin d\u00fczeyinin ya\u015fa g\u00f6re normalin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmesidir.<\/p>
Hemoglobin, alyuvarlar (k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kan h\u00fccreleri) i\u00e7indeki ve oksijen ta\u015f\u0131yan bir proteindir.<\/p>
Hemoglobin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, organlara yeterince oksijen ta\u015f\u0131namamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>
\u2022 Demir depolar\u0131 azd\u0131r<\/p>
\u2022 B\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r, ihtiya\u00e7 fazlad\u0131r<\/p>
\u2022 Genellikle 1. ayda kan say\u0131m\u0131 ve demir deste\u011fi \u00f6nerilir<\/p>
\u2022 Term (zaman\u0131nda) do\u011fan bebeklerde demir depolar\u0131 do\u011fumda doludur<\/p>
\u2022 Ancak 4. aydan sonra demir ihtiyac\u0131 artar<\/p>
\u2022 \u00d6zellikle sadece anne s\u00fct\u00fc alan bebeklerde 4. aydan itibaren demir takviyesi \u00f6nerilir (T\u00fcrkiye Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ulusal Demir Destek Program\u0131)<\/p>
\u2022 Ek g\u0131daya ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6neminde demirden zengin besin al\u0131nmazsa risk artar<\/p>
\u2022 \u0130nek s\u00fct\u00fcne erken ge\u00e7i\u015f ve fazla miktarda i\u00e7ilmesi de demir emilimini azaltabilir<\/p>
\u2022 Se\u00e7ici yeme, i\u015ftahs\u0131zl\u0131k, yetersiz et\/tavuk\/tahin\/ye\u015fil yaprakl\u0131 sebze t\u00fcketimi<\/p>
\u2022 \u00c7evresel fakt\u00f6rlerle artan demir ihtiyac\u0131<\/p>
\u2705 Solukluk (\u00f6zellikle dudak, avu\u00e7 i\u00e7i, g\u00f6z kapa\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7i)<\/p>
\u2705 Halsizlik, \u00e7abuk yorulma<\/p>
\u2705 \u0130\u015ftahs\u0131zl\u0131k<\/p>
\u2705 Uykuya meyil<\/p>
\u2705 Konsantrasyon g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7ocuklarda)<\/p>
\u2705 T\u0131rnaklarda incelme, sa\u00e7 d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi<\/p>
\u2705 Geli\u015fme gerili\u011fi<\/p>
\u2705 S\u0131k enfeksiyon ge\u00e7irme<\/p>
Baz\u0131 durumlarda belirti olmayabilir, bu y\u00fczden tarama testleri \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>
\ud83e\ude7a Anemi Nas\u0131l Te\u015fhis Edilir?<\/p>
\u2022 Tam kan say\u0131m\u0131 (CBC)<\/p>
\u2022 Serum ferritin (v\u00fccuttaki demir deposunu g\u00f6sterir)<\/p>
\u2022 Gerekirse demir, TDBK, CRP, retik\u00fclosit gibi ek testlerle desteklenir<\/p>
\ud83d\udccc Not: Ferritin enfeksiyon s\u0131ras\u0131nda y\u00fckselir, bu nedenle test zaman\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>
\ud83d\udcc8<\/p>
(Kaynak: D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u2013 WHO)<\/p>
\u2705 Ne Zaman Tedavi Gerekir?<\/p>
\u2022 Ferritin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc + hemoglobin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse \u2192 demir eksikli\u011fi anemisi tan\u0131s\u0131 konur<\/p>
\u2022 Tedavi s\u00fcresi genellikle 3 ayt\u0131r<\/p>
\u2022 A\u011f\u0131zdan verilen damla\/s\u00fcr\u00fcp\/tablet \u015feklinde demir preparatlar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r<\/p>
\u2022 \u0130lk haftalarda i\u015ftah art\u0131\u015f\u0131, sonras\u0131nda Hb y\u00fckseli\u015fi beklenir<\/p>
\u2022 Gerekirse beslenme dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 eklenir<\/p>
\ud83d\udccc Premat\u00fcre ve anne s\u00fct\u00fcyle beslenen bebeklerde koruyucu ama\u00e7l\u0131 demir deste\u011fi \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>
(T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 4\u201312 ay aras\u0131 1 mg\/kg\/g\u00fcn elemental demir verilir.)<\/p>
\u2022 Tedaviye ra\u011fmen Hb veya ferritin y\u00fckselmiyorsa<\/p>
\u2022 Kans\u0131zl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka vitamin eksiklikleri varsa (B12, folat)<\/p>
\u2022 Kronik hastal\u0131k veya genetik nedenler (talasemi, G6PD eksikli\u011fi) \u015f\u00fcphesi varsa<\/p>
\u2022 D\u0131\u015fk\u0131da gizli kan varsa<\/p>
Bu durumda detayl\u0131 hematolojik de\u011ferlendirme gerekir.<\/p>
\ud83e\udd66 Anemiye Kar\u015f\u0131 Beslenme \u00d6nerileri<\/p>
\u2022 K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 et, yumurta sar\u0131s\u0131, tavuk, sakatat (karaci\u011fer)<\/p>
\u2022 Pekmez, tahin, kuru baklagiller<\/p>
\u2022 Ispanak, brokoli, paz\u0131 gibi ye\u015fil sebzeler<\/p>
\u2022 C vitamini kayna\u011f\u0131 (portakal, kivi, limon) ile birlikte t\u00fcketim \u2192 emilimi art\u0131r\u0131r<\/p>
\u2022 \u0130nek s\u00fct\u00fc \u2192 1 ya\u015f\u0131ndan \u00f6nce verilmemeli, sonras\u0131nda g\u00fcnl\u00fck 500 ml\u2019yi a\u015fmamal\u0131<\/p>
\ud83d\udccc Result<\/p>
\u00c7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda anemi yayg\u0131n ve \u00f6nlenebilir bir sorundur. \u00d6zellikle ilk 2 y\u0131l h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme, yetersiz demir al\u0131m\u0131 ve premat\u00fcrelik, demir eksikli\u011fine zemin haz\u0131rlar.<\/p>
Erken tan\u0131, d\u00fczenli takip ve do\u011fru beslenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun geli\u015fimini olumlu etkiler.<\/p>
\ud83e\ude7a E\u011fer \u0130zmir\u2019de bebe\u011finizin kan de\u011ferlerini kontrol ettirmek, demir eksikli\u011fi riskini de\u011ferlendirmek veya kans\u0131zl\u0131kla ilgili takip-tedavi planlamak isterseniz, muayenehanemde sizleri a\u011f\u0131rlamaktan memnuniyet duyar\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n